Rainbow-electronics MAX2036 User Manual download pdf

General Description

The MAX2036 8-channel variable-gain amplifier (VGA)

and programmable octal mixer array is designed for

high linearity, high dynamic range, and low-noise per-

formance targeting ultrasound imaging and Doppler

applications. Each amplifier features differential inputs

and outputs and a total gain range of 50dB (typ). In

addition, the VGAs offer very low output-referred noise

performance suitable for interfacing with 10-bit ADCs.

The MAX2036 VGA is optimized for less than ±0.5dB

absolute gain error to ensure minimal channel-to-channel

ultrasound beamforming focus error. The device’s differ-

ential outputs are designed to directly drive ultrasound

ADCs through an external passive anti-aliasing filter. A

switchable clamp is also provided at each amplifier’s

output to limit the output signals, thereby preventing

ADC overdrive or saturation.

Dynamic performance of the device is optimized to

reduce distortion to support second-harmonic imaging.

The device achieves a second-harmonic distortion

specification of -62dBc at V

OUT

= 1.5V

P-P

and f

5MHz, and an ultrasound-specific* two-tone third-order

intermodulation distortion specification of -52dBc at

OUT

= 1.5V

P-P

and f

= 5MHz.

The MAX2036 also integrates an octal quadrature mixer

array and programmable LO phase generators for a

complete CW beamforming solution. The LO phase

selection for each channel can be programmed using a

digital serial interface and a single high-frequency

clock or the LOs for each complex mixer pair can be

directly driven using separate 4 x LO clocks. The serial

interface is designed to allow multiple devices to be

easily daisy-chained in order to minimize program inter-

face wiring. The LO phase dividers can be pro-

grammed to allow 4, 8, or 16 quadrature phases. The

input path of each CW mixer consists of a selectable

lowpass filter for optimal CWD noise performance. The

outputs of the mixers are summed into I and Q differen-

tial current outputs. The mixers and LO generators are

designed to have exceptionally low noise performance

of -155dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset from a 1.25MHz carrier.

The MAX2036 operates from a +5.0V power supply,

consuming only 120mW/channel in VGA mode and

269mW/channel in normal power CW mode. A low-

power CW mode is also available and consumes only

226mW/channel. The device is available in a lead-free

100-pin TQFP package (14mm x 14mm) with an

exposed pad. Electrical performance is guaranteed

over a 0°C to +70°C temperature range.

Applications

Ultrasound Imaging Sonar

Features

♦ 8-Channel Configuration

♦ High Integration for Ultrasound Imaging

Applications

♦ Pin Compatible with the MAX2035 Ultrasound

VGA

VGA Features

♦ Maximum Gain, Gain Range, and Output-Referred

Noise Optimized for Interfacing with 10-Bit ADCs

Maximum Gain of 39.5dB

Total Gain Range of 50dB

-60nV/

√√

Hz Ultra-Low Output-Referred Noise at

5MHz

♦ ±0.5dB Absolute Gain Error

♦ 120mW Consumption per Channel

♦ Switchable Output VGA Clamp Eliminating ADC

Overdrive

♦ Fully Differential VGA Outputs for Direct ADC

Drive

♦ Variable Gain Range Achieves 50dB Dynamic

Range

♦ -62dBc HD2 at V

OUT

= 1.5V

P-P

and f

= 5MHz

♦ Two-Tone Ultrasound-Specific* IMD3 of -52dBc at

OUT

= 1.5V

P-P

and f

= 5MHz

CWD Mixer Features

♦ Low Mixer Noise of -155dBc/Hz at 1kHz Offset

from 1.25MHz Carrier

♦ Serial-Programmable LO Phase Generator for 4, 8,

16 LO Quadrature Phase Resolution

♦ Optional Individual Channel 4 x f

LO Input

Drive Capability

♦ 269mW Power Consumption per Channel (Normal

Power Mode) and 226mW Power Consumption

per Channel (Low-Power Mode)

♦ CWD Implementation Is Fully Compliant with All

Patents Related to Ultrasound Imaging

Techniques

MAX2036

Ultrasound VGA Integrated

with CW Octal Mixer

________________________________________________________________

Maxim Integrated Products

Ordering Information

19-4420; Rev 0; 1/09

For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642,

or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com.

Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package.

T = Tape-and-reel package.

D = Dry packing.

†

EP = Exposed pad.

PART TEMP RANGE PIN-PACKAGE

MAX2036CCQ+D 0° C to +70°C 100 TQFP-EP

†

MAX2036CCQ+TD 0°C to +70°C 100 TQFP-EP

†

Pin Configuration appears at end of data sheet.

See the Ultrasound-Specific IMD3 Specification in the

Applications Information section.

1 2 3 4 5 6 ... 22 23

Ultrasound VGA Integrated 1

Summary of Contents

Page 1 - Ultrasound VGA Integrated

General DescriptionThe MAX2036 8-channel variable-gain amplifier (VGA)and programmable octal mixer array is designed forhigh linearity, high dynamic r

Page 2

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer10 ______________________________________________________________________________________Typical Op

Page 3

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer______________________________________________________________________________________ 11Pin Descri

Page 4

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer12 ______________________________________________________________________________________PIN NAME F

Page 5

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer______________________________________________________________________________________ 13PIN NAME F

Page 6

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer14 ______________________________________________________________________________________Detailed D

Page 7

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer______________________________________________________________________________________ 15VGA ClampA

Page 8

MAX2036CW Mixer Output SummationThe outputs from the octal mixer array are summed inter-nally to produce the total CWD summed beamformedsignal. The oc

Page 9

Mode 2The LO_LVDS input frequency is 8 x fLO(typ) for mode2 operation. The CWD LO frequency range is 1MHz to7.5MHz, and the input frequency ranges fro

Page 10

MAX2036SynchronizationFigure 1 illustrates the serial programming of the 8 indi-vidual channels through the serial data port. Note thatthe serial data

Page 11

Applications InformationMode Select Response TimeThe mode select response time is the time that thedevice takes to switch between CW and VGA modes.One

Page 12

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ABSOLUTE M

Page 13

MAX2036Serial InterfaceThe serial interface of the MAX2036 programs the LO for16, 8, or 4 quadrature phases using a serial shift registerimplementatio

Page 14

CW Mixer Output SummationThe maximum differential current output is typically3mAP-Pand the mixer output compliance voltageranges from 4.75V to 12V per

Page 15

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer22 ______________________________________________________________________________________12μH12μHON

Page 16

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal MixerMaxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied

Page 17

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3DC ELECTRI

Page 18

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer4 _______________________________________________________________________________________AC ELECTRI

Page 19

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer_______________________________________________________________________________________ 5AC ELECTRI

Page 20

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer6 _______________________________________________________________________________________AC ELECTRI

Page 21

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer_______________________________________________________________________________________ 7Typical Op

Page 22

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer8 _______________________________________________________________________________________LARGE-SIGN

Page 23

MAX2036Ultrasound VGA Integratedwith CW Octal Mixer_______________________________________________________________________________________ 9LARGE-SIGN

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Rainbow-electronics MAX2036 User Manual

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Summary of Contents

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